In this paper, an optimal PID controller is introduced for an antagonistic variable stiffness actuator (AVSA) based on Hammerstein models.A set of Hammerstein models is developed for the AVSA using the voltage difference method.For each stiffness level, linear and nonlinear Hammerstein models are identified using the least squares method.Experiment
Fast and accurate interrogation of complex samples containing diseased cells or pathogens is important to make informed decisions on clinical and public health issues.Inertial microfluidics has Diapers been increasingly employed for such investigations to isolate target bioparticles from liquid samples with size and/or deformability-based manipulat
ObjectiveScrew loosening is a common complication following lumbar spine fixation surgery, yet the biomechanical outcomes after screw loosening remain rarely reported.This study aims to utilize finite element (FE) models to compare the biomechanical performance of PEEK rod dynamic fixation and titanium rod rigid fixation in the postoperative lumbar